［Donald E. Scott・・ Dark Matter Debunked ・・ Thunderboltsドナルド・E・スコット・・暴露されたダークマター・・サンダーボルツ］
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It's time to put to bed the fairy tale of dark matter, something so dark, of course it's invisible, and so mysterious that it remains undetected after decades of searching for it with sophisticated instruments, scanning all the known cosmos and the entire electromagnetic spectrum.
３ But how can something be falsified that's this imperceptible?
しかし、これほど知覚できない何かが、 偽造、ねつ造されるのはなぜでしょうか?
４ Of course, there are many other invisible non-existent astrophysical entities, such as dark energy and neutron stars that have been invented and disseminated using disingenuous methods of measurement and interpretation onto a naive unsuspecting public.
７ But the scientist’s jungle consists of natural ignorance and also a lack of knowledge and grown false beliefs which may be long time officially accepted mis- conceptions.
Incoming new data has to fit comfortably into any proposed hypothesis or model without too much tinkering with it, or massive back-to-the-drawing board modifications, and certainly without inventing imaginary ecological, non-measurable forces and non-observable entities, such as strange matter to explain the new data.
１５ A complete description of what I did is thoroughly detailed in chapters 10 and 11 of my latest book “The Interconnected Cosmos,” published by Stickman on Stone, and I urge you to pick up a copy.
私がしたことの完全な説明は、 「Stickman on Stone」によって出版された 私の最新刊「相互接続された宇宙」の、 第10章と第11章で徹底的に詳述されています、 そして、私はあなたにコピーを拾うことを強く勧めます。
１６ Anyway, here's a brief description of what I did.
とにかく、ここに 私がしたことの簡単な説明があります。
My starting point was at the edge of the scientific jungle, astrophysics and cosmology, which supposedly is the scientific study of cosmic space and those things that inhabit it, but it really is a jungle of contradictions and warped, bizarre, impossible processes and imaginary forces.
１８ He had determined two equations that describe the basic shape of the magnetic field that is inside a Birkeland Current, but that's where he stopped.
１９ I completed his model to include five major equations and also interpreted what they implied about the physical shape of the Birkeland Currents and their behavior and that was not explained fully by Lundquist.
２０ My model predicted that Birkeland Currents uniquely produce coaxial counter-rotational motion of their internal plasma and are able to carry electric current in both directions at the same time.
For example, a pair of tornadoes, located near each other, rotating in opposite directions, is not an example of coaxial counter-rotation simply because they're not coaxial, they're not inside one another.
２３ So, when NASA recorded those coaxial counter-rotating cloud bands on both Jupiter and Saturn, my model had passed its first test. NASAが木星と土星の両方で、 同軸の逆対向回転雲帯を記録したとき、 私のモデルは最初のテストに合格していました。
２４
２５ That was the extent of my first foray into this cosmological jungle and at that point I figured we’d pitch camp for a rest.
But then the announcement of the discovery of counter-rotating stars in the faces of several spiral galaxies, was even stronger evidence that was headed in the right direction.
２６ In 2014, it was reported that a vast network of plasma filaments, Birkeland Currents really, had been discovered that connect many, if not all, the galaxies in the Universe in what has been called the Intergalactic Web, abbreviation IGW.
２８ The discovery was quickly confirmed, and a rush of scientific papers followed.
この発見はすぐに確認され、 科学論文のラッシュが続いた。
２９ All this strongly suggested that Birkeland Currents not only connect objects within our solar system, but there are much larger and stronger Birkeland Currents arching across the vast distances between galaxies.
３０ I assume that those galaxies within the Intergalactic Web must be sending and receiving electric currents via the plasma filaments to which they are connected.
３１ Also, I thought if galaxies actually form on those Birkeland Current filaments in the web, they probably inherit their rotational profiles from those filaments.
３３ Remember that the typical stellar velocity profile in a galaxy, a plot of the star's velocity as a function of its radius r, how far out it is from the galaxy's center, has been totally baffling to astrophysicists.
３５ This shape cannot be explained by Newtonian physics and almost all astrophysicists deny that electrical effects could possibly produce any of what we see in the cosmos.
３６ Their repeated unsuccessful attempts to explain this rotation of those stars is what set astronomers off on their decades-old quest to find dark matter.
３７ So, I wondered if the plot of the rotation speed of the plasma in my model Birkeland Current, might be similar to the ones that baffled those astronomers.
３８ I set out to determine what that velocity profile might be.
私は、その速度プロファイルが 何であるかを決定するために出発しました。
My model yields information about the magnetic field strength and the current density in a Birkeland Current, but it doesn't directly yield any information about the velocity of the charges that make up those currents.
３９ The key to determining the velocity of the stream of charged particles in a Birkeland Current was the realization that the current density in any plasma has two components, the charge density and the velocity of those charges.
４０ The charge density is how much charge you have per cubic meter and the velocity of course is how many meters per second does that box of charges travel with.
４１ We obviously know from historical astronomical observations what the typical velocity profile of stars within the galaxy looks like, and it's approximately the square root of r.
４２ And we know from the equations of my model that the current density j, varies with radial distance r, out from the BC's, that is the Birkeland Current's central axis, as one over the square root of r.
４３ So, I was able to solve for the third quantity, not very hard, the charge density rho that must exist inside my model BC, using all this data, the data from galaxy NGC1620, it turns out to be a simple inverse relationship, one over r.
This clearly demonstrates that an electrical process exists, that can produce the heretofore inexplicable stellar velocities, that prompted astronomers to search for dark matter in the first place.
４４ In other words, the refusal to accept the existence and effects of electrical charges in space, is what began, and maintains to this day, the dark matter wild goose chase.
Other galaxies may have slightly different velocity profiles.
他の銀河は、わずかに異なる 速度プロファイルを有する可能性がある。
４９ Using any of those other velocity profiles with the same expression for current density from my model, yielded slightly different charge density curves.
We have now shown, and as I said recently, presented in a greater detail in my new book, that a purely electrical process does indeed exist that can produce a hitherto inexplicable stellar velocity [distribution] that prompted astronomers to search for dark matter.
The charge densities may be slightly different from that one over r-shaped distribution in different galaxies but the BC curve, that Birkeland Current velocity curve will always match the actual one.
By the way we know that BCs often show coaxial counter-rotation.
ところで、BCはしばしば同軸の 逆対向回転を示すことを知っています。
So, when we observe coaxial rotation of the stars in a galaxy that is connected to a BC, that's additional evidence that we're correct that it is the Birkeland Current that's producing the velocity of those stars in those galaxies.
５４ The twisting motions of the galaxy's Birkeland current are what produces the velocities of those stars.
この銀河のバークランド電流のねじれ運動は、 これらの恒星達の速度を生み出すものです。
If we assume that the charge density distribution that exists within a typical Birkeland Current filament is, as a function of radial distance r, the distance out from the Z-axis of the Birkeland Current, is proportional to one over r, as it is for the one particular galaxy I show there, NGC1620, we can solve mathematically for the electric field that particular charge density plot creates.
典型的なバークランド電流フィラメント内に 存在する電荷密度分布が、半径方向距離rの関数として、 バークランド電流のZ軸からの距離であると仮定すると、 r 分の 1 （１/r）に比例し、私がそこに示す 1つの特定の銀河NGC1620の場合と同様に、 特定の電荷密度プロットが作り出す電場を数学的に解くことができます。
５５ In other words, we know what the charges are, where they are, we can solve for the electrical field that results.
５７ In turn, knowing the properties of that electric field, allows us to find the voltage that will occur at every point within the Birkeland Current's cross-section as a function of the radiusvalue of that point.
５８ It turns out that under this assumption about the charge density, that the maximum voltage occurs exactly at the center of the Birkeland Current, that r equals 0, the central Z-axis.
Well, in Marklund convection, it's a process that occurs in a Birkeland Current, atoms of the various elements present are sorted according to their so-called ionization potential.
６２ This results in the easily ionized, that is to say the heavier atomic weight elements such as iron, being found at the center of the filament, and the lighter elements such as hydrogen and helium, being found in its outer regions.
This process works, because positive ions accelerate down the voltage drop that starts at the center of the Birkeland current, and ends at its outer edge.
They go faster and faster, until they collide out at the edge of the Birkeland Current with any matter, atoms, ions, dust, any other stuff, and this releases heat.
それらはバークランド電流の端で、 あらゆる物質、原子、イオン、チリ、 その他のものと衝突するまで、 ますます速く進み、これが熱を放出します。 Those collisions release heat. これらの衝突は 熱を放出します。 The temperature is hottest at the collision site, just at the Birkeland Current's edge.
この気温は衝突地点で最も暑く、 バークランド電流の端にあります。
６３ And that's why the elements that are the most difficult from which to strip off an electron, such as hydrogen and helium, are found out there.
だからこそ、水素やヘリウムなど、 電子を取り除くのが最も難しい元素がそこで発見されています。
６４ So, the center of the Birkeland Current is its coolest region and contains the heavy elements such as iron, and its outer edge is the hottest region containing elements such as hydrogen.
６７ Our Sun has a heavy concentration of hydrogen at its outer surface.
私たちの太陽は、その外表面に 水素の濃い濃度を持っています。
６８ Therefore, if the Sun was created at the center of a pinch, such as a Birkeland Current, then its center ought to be relatively cool and its outer surface, the photosphere should be quite hot and it is.
The answer came when a noted astronomer, professor Michael Merrifield of the University of Nottingham, reported that the outer rim of a galaxy, this one was NGC4550, mysteriously had a collection of counter- rotating, hydrogen-rich stars at its periphery, at the edge of it.
７３ He complained that there was no known way for this to ever occur.
彼は、これが起こるための 既知の方法がないと不平を言った。
His announcement unintentionally provided supporting evidence that I considered strong evidence, for my claim that a Birkeland Current had been, or was connected to this galaxy.
This might easily have been the cause, not only of the hydrogen-rich collection of stars along its edge, but also why that band was counter-rotating with respect to the other stars in NGC4550.
７４ I assert that my assumption was thus shown to be valid, at least in this particular case.
私は、少なくともこの特定のケースでは、 私の仮定がこのように有効であることが示されたと主張します。
７５ And once again, we see that an electrical process is the explanation that eludes all these expert astrophysicists that still say yes, yes, we know electricity exists in the cosmos, but it doesn't do anything.
７７ According to our model, the only place in a Birkeland Current that involves energy loss, would be the outer edge of the Birkeland Current where positive ions falling radially down that linearly decreasing voltage profile, recombine with electrons just outside.
８４ The announcement said in part, IBEX's all-sky map of energetic neutral atom emission reveals a bright ring of ENAs that encircles the entire heliosphere.
８５ David J. McComas, IBEX principal investigator and assistant vice president of the Space Science and Engineering division at Southwest Research Institute, said quote,
IBEXの主任研究者であり、 サウスウェスト研究所の宇宙科学・工学部門の 副部長補佐であるDavid J. McComas氏は、 次のように述べています、（引用）
”The IBEX results are truly remarkable, with a narrow ribbon of bright details. This is a shocking new result. We had no idea this ribbon existed, or what has created it. Our previous ideas about the outer heliosphere are going to have to be revised.”
In any event the Marklund convection process may well be occurring all along the vast length of the Birkeland Current that extends on either side of our Sun's heliosphere.
９１ And that Birkeland Current is not visible from Earth, probably because it's an aging normal Birkeland Current that has a weaker charge density along its length than will be found at the Z-pinch, the heliopause, the heliosphere.
９２ The current density will be weaker, the plasma will therefore be in dark mode quite likely, and I think it is, from observation, and any light generated by recombination along its periphery will be even weaker than that observed by the IBEX mission.
９４ But the Marklund convection process, in which the positive ions inside a Birkeland Current are accelerated outward, directed by an E-field from a high-voltage central axis, is exactly the same process that we now know occurs just above the edge of the Sun's heliosphere, when the solar wind positive ions coming from the Sun recombine with incoming electrons to produce the light seen by IBEX.
９５ It's also similar to what happens just above the Sun's photosphere, where accelerating positive ions, escaping from inside the Sun, collide with other matter, which creates the high temperatures of the Sun's coronal temperature anomaly.
９６ It's the same process, just with higher current density at the pinch than along the BC's length, and highest of all just above the Sun's photosphere.
And the electrical interactions at all locations are fairly similar, just with differing strengths and sizes.
また、すべての場所での電気的相互作用は かなり似ていますが、強度とサイズが異なります。
The process seems to be scalable.
このプロセスはスケーラブルなようです。
I have long wondered why cosmologists, who claim the Universe is created by a Big Bang explosion, never try to explain where all the rotation comes from.
We all have to realize that no one can ever disprove the existence of something that doesn't exist.
私たちは皆、存在しないものの存在を 誰も反証できないことを認識しなければなりません。
In order to maintain or renew the sources of their grant funding, astrophysicists who now refuse to put an end to their fruitless and wildly expensive dark matter quest, are challenging us to do just that.
In maintaining their assertion that dark matter still exists, they're saying something like, ”There's a big vicious dog under this table. He's invisible, untouchable, unsmellable and makes no sounds, but he ate my homework last night. Prove to me he doesn't exist.”
Now, this is a dishonest, illogical unreasonable, childish challenge.
さて、これは不正直で、 非論理的で、不合理で、幼稚な挑戦です。
Anyone seriously making such a demand is a shyster, a snake oil salesman who is intentionally trying to swindle his audience, or perhaps he's an intellectually lazy astrophysicist fearing misinformation.
９８ An accurate understanding of the cosmos is impossible in the conventional science of astrophysics, simply because they refuse to expand their tool set.
Including all of these essential forces of nature when cracking the secrets of the Universe, then the concept and necessity of dark matter is outright ridiculous.
